Harold Macmillan's "Wind of Change" Speech

Made to the South Africa Parliament on 3 February 1960: It is, as I have said, a special privilege for me to be here in 1960 when you are celebrating what I might call the golden wedding of the Union. At such a time it is natural and right that you should pause to take stock of your position, to look back at what you have achieved, to look forward to what lies ahead. In the fifty years of their nationhood the people of South Africa have built a strong economy founded upon a healthy agriculture and thriving and resilient industries. No one could fail to be impressed with the immense material progress which has been achieved. That all this has been accomplished in so short a time is a striking testimony to the skill, energy and initiative of your people. We in Britain are proud of the contribution we have made to this remarkable achievement. Much of it has been financed by British capital. … … As I've travelled around the Union I have found everywhere, as I expected, a deep preoccupation with what is happening in the rest of the African continent. I understand and sympathise with your interests in these events and your anxiety about them. Ever since the break up of the Roman empire one of the constant facts of political life in Europe has been the emergence of independent nations. They have come into existence over the centuries in different forms, different kinds of government, but all have been inspired by a deep, keen feeling of nationalism, which has grown as the nations have grown. In the twentieth century, and especially since the end of the war, the processes which gave birth to the nation states of Europe have been repeated all over the world. We have seen the awakening of national consciousness in peoples who have for centuries lived in dependence upon some other power. Fifteen years ago this movement spread through Asia. Many countries there, of different races and civilisations, pressed their claim to an independent national life. Today the same thing is happening in Africa, and the most striking of all the impressions I have formed since I left London a month ago is of the strength of this African national consciousness. In different places it takes different forms, but it is happening everywhere. The wind of change is blowing through this continent, and whether we like it or not, this growth of national consciousness is a political fact. We must all accept it as a fact, and our national policies must take account of it. Well you understand this better than anyone, you are sprung from Europe, the home of nationalism, here in Africa you have yourselves created a free nation. A new nation. Indeed in the history of our times yours will be recorded as the first of the African nationalists. This tide of national consciousness which is now rising in Africa, is a fact, for which both you and we, and the other nations of the western world are ultimately responsible. For its causes are to be found in the achievements of western civilisation, in the pushing forwards of the frontiers of knowledge, the applying of science to the service of human needs, in the expanding of food production, in the speeding and multiplying of the means of communication, and perhaps above all and more than anything else in the spread of education. As I have said, the growth of national consciousness in Africa is a political fact, and we must accept it as such. That means, I would judge, that we've got to come to terms with it. I sincerely believe that if we cannot do so we may imperil the precarious balance between the East and West on which the peace of the world depends. The world today is divided into three main groups. First there are what we call the Western Powers. You in South Africa and we in Britain belong to this group, together with our friends and allies in other parts of the Commonwealth. In the United States of America and in Europe we call it the Free World. Secondly there are the Communists – Russia and her satellites in Europe and China whose population will rise by the end of the next ten years to the staggering total of 800 million. Thirdly, there are those parts of the world whose people are at present uncommitted either to Communism or to our Western ideas. In this context we think first of Asia and then of Africa. As I see it the great issue in this second half of the twentieth century is whether the uncommitted peoples of Asia and Africa will swing to the East or to the West. Will they be drawn into the Communist camp? Or will the great experiments in self-government that are now being made in Asia and Africa, especially within the Commonwealth, prove so successful, and by their example so compelling, that the balance will come down in favour of freedom and order and justice? The struggle is joined, and it is a struggle for the minds of men. What is now on trial is much more than our military strength or our diplomatic and administrative skill. It is our way of life. The uncommitted nations want to see before they choose.

Kontrak Sosial tiada kaitan dengan Sarawak

Kontrak Sosial merupakan permuakatan di antara parti-parti politik di Malaya iaitu UMNO, MCA dan MIC yang mewakili kaum masing-masing iaitu Melayu, Cina dan India yang berlaku di Malaya sebelum Malaya merdeka pada tahun 1957. Jadi, Kontrak Sosial merupakan permuafakatan yang dibuat oleh parti-parti politik yang mewakili rakyat Malaya semasa pembentukan Persekutuan Malaya. Untuk makluman, tidak terdapat sebarang undang-undang atau dokumen yang pernah menjelaskan syarat-syarat Kontrak Sosial secara penuh. Faktanya, Kontrak Sosial hanyalah permuafakatan antara kaum yang dicapai sebelum merdeka melalui satu persetujuan di kalangan rakyat dan pemimpin yang terdiri daripada kaum Melayu, Cina dan India. Kontrak Sosial bukan lah undang-undang dan bukan lah perlembagaan bagi Persekutuan Malaya, apatah lagi untuk Persekutuan Malaysia yang ditubuh berasaskan Perjanjian Malaysia 1963. Maka, Kontrak Sosial langsung tiada kaitan dengan pembentukan Persekutuan Malaysia dan semestinya tiada kaitan dengan negara Sarawak. 

Persekutuan Malaysia ditubuhkan pada 16 September 1963 menerusi Perjanjian Malaysia 1963 yang dimeterai di London pada 9 Julai 1963. Perjanjian Malaysia merupakan perjanjian antarabangsa yang dibuat antara Kerajaan Malaya, Singapura, Sarawak, Sabah dan British. Darjat Perjanjian Malaysia 1963 lebih tinggi daripada Perlembagaan Malaysia itu sendiri dan semestinya jauh lebih tinggi daripada Kontrak Sosial yang hanya dibuat secara muafakat antara parti-parti politik di Malaya untuk Persekutuan Malaya sahaja. 

Kerana tinggi nya kedudukan Perjanjian Malaysia 1963 sebagai satu perjanjian antarabangsa, Perlembagaan Malaysia tidak dapat mengubah mana-mana terma dan syarat yang terkandung di dalam Perjanjian Malaysia 1963. Malah, Perlembagaan Malaysia wajib selaras dengan Perjanjian Malaysia 1963. Mana-mana perubahan yang dibuat di dalam Perlembagaan Malaysia yang berlawanan dan bercanggah dengan Perjanjian Malaysia 1963 merupakan satu perlanggaran undang-undang antarabangsa dan sekiranya perlanggaran tersebut menjadi "Pertikaian (Dispute)", boleh memecahkan negara-negara anggota yang menubuhkan Persekutuan Malaysia itu sendiri.

Kontrak Sosial, langsung tidak boleh menyentuh dan mengubah Perlembagaan Malaysia apatah lagi Perjanjian Malaysia 1963 sebab ia hanyalah permuafakatan antara kaum di Malaya dan dibuat antara parti-parti politik sahaja. 

Sekiranya pada hari ini, parti politik STAR, PBDS Baru dan PBK membuat permuafakatan, perlu kah satu negara mengikut dan mematuhi nya? Begitu juga permuafakatan bernama Kontrak Sosial tersebut, parti politk UMNO, MCA dan MIC membuat permuafakatan, terpulang kepada rakyat Malaya mahu ikut atau tidak. Ianya bukan lah undang-undang dan perjanjian.

Sarawak langsung tiada kaitan dengan Kontrak Sosial. Kontrak Sosial itu isu Malaya. Kontrak Sosial itu bukan isu Malaysia. 

The first motion - Territorial Sea Act

Tuan Speaker: 

I have received three motions. Ahli Yang Berhormat, I had received a motion dated 25th May 2016 from the Honourable Member for Batu Lintang. The first motion is on Territorial Sea Act. I shall therefore invite him to read up his motion. Member for Batu Lintang.

YB. Encik See Chee How: 

Thank you Tuan Speaker. My motion is as follows;

“WHEREAS On 20th May 2016, at the Asean-Russia Commerorative Summit in Sochi, Russian Energy Minister Alexander Novak said that the Russian state oil and gas firm Zarubezhneft “is exploring the possibility of acquiring the assets of the Malaysian Petronas.” The Russian state news agency Tass quoted the Minister:

“As for Zarubezhneft, it is studying opportunities to undertake projects in Malaysia” and “Zarubezneft has a lot of experience to enhance the effectiveness of existing fields, and offers its services and participation.”

On 8.12.2015, this Honorable Dewan had unanimously passed a motion expressing the state’s commitments to review federal acts, including the Territorial Sea Act 2012, the Continental Shelf Act 1966 and the Petroleum Mining Act 1966 which are deemed to have encroached upon the rights of Sarawak, particularly to our natural resources and constitutional territorial jurisdiction.

On 16.12.2015, this Honorable Chief Minister had affirmed that the constitutionally and legality of the aforesaid Acts as may involve altering the territorial boundary and jurisdiction of the State will be raised with the Federal Government.

Numerous Petronas oil and gas fields including those with existing Petroleum Sharing Contracts (PSC) signed are located within the territorial waters of Sarawak.

WHEREFORE, the Dewan resolves that:

This Dewan is committed to uphold the territorial integrity of Sarawak. Give notice to the federal government to clarify this matter and to assure this Dewan of the State’s power and rights to participate in all negotiations and to give prior consent for any future transactions affecting purportedly Petronas assets within Sarawak territory. Thank you.

Tuan Speaker: 

Ahli-ahli Yang Berhormat, Article 1(3) of the Federal Constitution states: “Subject to clause (4) the territories of each of the States mentioned in clause (2) are the territories comprised therein immediately before Malaysia Day.”

Prior to Malaysia Day, 16th September 1963, the territory of Sarawak is its current land territory, territorial waters, continental shelf adjacent and contiguous to its entire coastline. The territorial sea covers the superjacent waters, the sea bed and subsoil beneath the waters and what is called the Economic Zone.

In pursuance of the Colonial Boundaries Act 1895, the Sarawak (Alteration of Boundaries) Order in Council 1954 was made whereby “the boundaries of the Colony of Sarawak are hereby extended to include the area of the continental shelf being the seabed and its subsoil which lies beneath the high seas contiguous to the territorial waters of Sarawak.”

“This order in Council extends the boundaries of Sarawak so as to include the continental shelf beneath the high seas contiguous to the territorial waters of the colony.”

Parliament had passed the Territorial Sea Act 2012. Under Section 3 (3) of the Act which reads:-

“For the purpose of the Continental Shelf Act 1966 [Act 83], the Petroleum Mining Act 1966 [Act 95], the National Land Code [Act 56/65] and any written law relating to land in force in Sabah and Sarawak, any reference to territorial sea therein shall in relation to any territory be construed as a reference to such part of the sea adjacent to the coast thereof not exceeding 3 nautical miles measured from the low-water line.”

However, this Act must satisfy Article 2 of the Federal Constitution which reads:- 

“Parliament may by law –

(a) admit other States to the Federation;

(b) alter the boundaries to any State,

But a law altering the boundaries of a State shall not be passed without the consent of that State (expressed by a law made by the Legislature of that State) and of the Conference of Rulers.”

The Conference of Rulers has not consented to the Territorial Sea Act 2012. 

The State Government had made representations objecting to the said Act. This august House has not

consented to the said Act pursuant to Article 2 of the Federal Constitution.

In a debate on the motion unanimously passed by this House on 8th December 2015, Honourable Minister for Land Development, as he then was and Honourable Member for Baleh stated the State Government’s stand as recorded in Hansard dated 8th December 2015, page 23 as follows:-

“To review all legislations that affect the State’s rights to its natural resources or the exercise powers and functions in relation thereto under the Federal Constitution, within its boundaries and upon such review, to amend or repeal such legislation.”

On page 25 of the same Hansard the said Honourable Member continued:- “It has already commenced discussions with the Federal Government to address the issues and find solutions to: 

Review these Federal Laws, such as the Territorial Sea Act, 2012, the Continental Shelf Act, 1966, Petroleum Mining Act, 1966 and extension of the Merchant Shipping Ordinance 1952, amongst others which are deemed to have encroached upon the rights or the State especially, to its natural resources and constitutional jurisdiction.”

Hansard page 27: “To review and amend those Federal Laws which encroached in our State rights especially those relating to the natural resources of the State.”

In tandem with this stand of the State Government the Right Honourable Chief Minister reiterated the position of the State Government as repeated in Hansard dated 16th December 2015, pages 60 & 61:-

“The constitution provides that the borders of the State, the boundaries of the State cannot be altered without the consent of the legislature of that State. It may be that the Territorial Waters Act and Continental Shelf Act and the Petroleum Development Act infringe on the territorial boundary of Sarawak.

That is the question that has to be decided if I am given time, I cannot do it within the next few months and if you give me more time I can raise that matter. That is what we want in Sarawak, you are the first to raise the matter, if you want to join the band wagon, you are welcome.

At the last sitting, now the Honourable Member for Batu Lintang is here, I want to inform you Sir that the matter you raised regarding the Territorial Waters Act and the Continental Shelf Act and the Petroleum Development Act which might involve altering the boundaries of the State which requires the consent of the legislature of the State, we will look into this matter and raise it with the Federal Government.”

The State election had just concluded. It is the same State Barisan Nasional Government with a bigger and stronger mandate. Portfolios have changed but the stand of the State Government on this issue remains steadfast and the pursuit of this goal and stupendous task will be given an added zest and zeal.

The necessity of debating it again does not arise. As for the purported sale of Petronas’s shares to a Russian Company, this had been categorically denied by Petronas as reported in The Borneo Post dated 26th May 2016.

To discuss on this matter would be academic.

This motion violates Standing Order 23(6), which reads:-

“No motion relating to a matter contained in the Federal Legislative List shall be in order.” 

The Right Honourable Chief Minister will give a full detailed deliberation on this subject in his winding up address.

INDUSTRI CARIGALI DI SARAWAK

Y.B. Ir Christopher Gira Anak Sambang bertanya kepada Menteri Pembangunan Perindustrian dan Keusahawanan, Perdagangan dan Pelaburan: 

Mengapakah keutamaan tidak diberikan kepada anak Sarawak dalam industri carigali di Sarawak?

Menteri Muda Ekonomi Luar Bandar (Kawasan Pesisir) dan Perikanan dan Menteri Muda Pembangunan Perindustrian (Pelaburan dan Promosi) (Y.B. Datuk Haji Julaihi Bin Haji Narawi): 

Terima kasih Tuan Speaker dan juga kepada Yang Berhormat bagi Tamin. Untuk makluman Ahli Yang Berhormat bagi Tamin, PETRONAS sentiasa komited dengan pembangunan modal insan dan memberi keutamaan kepada anak Sarawak selari dengan perkembangan operasi syarikat terutamanya di sektor huluan (upstream). Sebagai contoh, jumlah pekerja sektor huluan di Sarawak telah meningkat 10% kepada 4,400 pada tahun 2016 berbanding 4,000 pada tahun 2015. Daripada 4,400 tenaga pekerja tersebut, 71% adalah anak Sarawak. Maknanya majoriti daripada 4,400 orang tenaga pekerja itu adalah anak Sarawak iaitu sebanyak 71%. Daripada jumlah pertambahan 400 orang yang saya sebut tadi, 313 orang adalah graduan daripada INSTEP (Institut Teknologi Petroleum PETRONAS) yang merupakan anak Sarawak. Terima kasih.

Y.B. Ir Christopher Gira Anak Sambang: (Supplementary Questions) Tuan Speaker, saya ada dua soalan tambahan.

(a) What are the effort undertaken by PETRONAS on the education and human capital development for Sarawak in order to prepare anak Sarawak for their career and the oil and gas industry?

(b) Why is there an increase on the manpower of the upstream sector despite that challenging and operating environment in the oil and gas industry?

Menteri Muda Ekonomi Luar Bandar (Kawasan Pesisir) dan Perikanan dan Menteri Muda Pembangunan Perindustrian (Pelaburan dan Promosi) (Y.B. Datuk Haji Julaihi Bin Haji Narawi): 

Terima kasih Yang Berhormat bagi Tamin. Untuk menjawab soalan yang pertama, I would like to inform Ahli Yang Berhormat for Tamin that PETRONAS has indeed several initiatives under its education and human capital development which includes the following:

(a) A total of 643 Sarawakian have received the Petronas Education Sponsorship Programme (PESP) since 2003;

(b) University Petronas (UTP) has produced a total of 596 graduates from PETRONAS since 2003; and

(c) A total of 1862 anak Sarawak have graduated from Institut Teknologi Petroleum Petronas since 2007.

PETRONAS in fact remains committed in the education and human capital development for Sarawak. So there are several initiatives taken by PETRONAS to answer your first supplementary question.

To answer your second supplementary question, yes we agree that the environment is not favorable to the oil and gas industry currently. However, Sarawak remains a key investment State for PETRONAS and the workforce requirement will continue to grow because Sarawak is an important State with PETRONAS. 

PETRONAS is committed on the capability building of Sarawakian in tandem with its future development. For the information of Ahli Yang Berhormat for Tamin as well, the upstream operation is growing with the establishment of Sarawak gas office and the commencement of a Train 9 and floating LND1 operation and this is the reason why even though the environment is not favorable, there is an increase in the recruitment of Sarawakians in the oil and gas industry especially in the upstream sector. Thank you.

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PETRONAS HAS NO RIGHTS TO OPERATE IN SARAWAK TERRITORIAL WATERS

Continental Shelf Act 1966 and the Petroleum Mining Act 1966 was enforceable in Sabah and Sarawak because it was enforcable due to Emergency gazettes. Once Emergency was lifted these powers becomes void. Therefore the Continental Shelf Act 1966 and the Petroleum Mining Act 1966 is NOT enforceable on Sabah and Sarawak Continental Shelf any longer.

When the Prime Minister lifted the Emergency Proclamations in 2011, the laws and gazettes, which were used to grab the Continental Shelf and territorial waters of every state in Malaysia, were annulled as well. By right, the ownership of the Continental Shelf is no longer with the Federal Government but with the respective state government.

”the National Land Code [Act56/65] and any written law relating to land in forced in Sabah and Sarawak” means this Act needs the approval of the Dewan Undangan Negeri of every state before it can be applied, this is because LAND is a State Matter.

The Federal Government no longer has ownership over the Continental Shelf. 

Therefore the Federal Government no longer has anything to transfer to PETRONAS according to Section 2 (1) of the Petroleum Development Act 1974 (PDA74) and no longer has the rights to execute the Vesting Instrument provided for in Section 2 (2) of PDA74. 

The position and operations of PETRONAS is now questionable. In addition, all the Petroleum Sharing Contracts (PSCs) is also questionable. Which law is PETRONAS currently using to maintain its status quo? 

IF PETRONAS is illegal then is the Federal Government protecting its own company and supporting its illegal activities?

Pertanyaan-Pertanyaan Bagi Jawapan-Jawapan Lisan II

Pertanyaan-Pertanyaan Bagi Jawapan-Jawapan Lisan

UCAPAN TUAN YANG TERUTAMA YANG DI-PERTUA NEGERI SARAWAK

*Teks pilihan

Tun Pehin Sri Haji Abdul Taib Mahmud: 

Bismillahirahmanirahim, assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh dan salam sejahtera.

Tuan Speaker, saya amat bersyukur kerana pilihan raya Negeri kesebelas telah dilaksanakan dengan jayanya. Penyertaan pelbagai parti politik dalam pilihan raya Negeri kali ini telah membuktikan bahawa amalan demokrasi berjalan dengan baik di Negeri kita ini. Kita patut sama-sama berasa bangga kerana ini.

Rakyat Negeri Sarawak telah melaksanakan tanggungjawab masing-masing dalam proses pilihan raya Negeri. Pilihanraya Negeri kali ini juga menunjukkan kematangan rakyat kerana jelas mereka telah menolak sebarang bentuk politik yang boleh memecah-belahkan masyarakat dan menggugat keharmonian yang sedia terjalin di Negeri ini.

Rakyat Negeri ini juga mahukan sebuah Kerajaan yang dapat membela nasib dan masa hadapan mereka serta merancakkan pembangunan dan membawa kesejahteraan yang berterusan.

Saya ingin mengingatkan bahawa masih banyak lagi perkara yang perlu dilakukan untuk membawa Negeri Sarawak ke tahap pembangunan yang lebih tinggi.

Kerajaan Negeri yang kuat dan stabil juga sudah semestinya akan membolehkan Negeri Sarawak untuk terus mendapat perhatian dan sokongan penuh daripada Kerajaan Persekutuan, khususnya dalam menambah peruntukan pembangunan yang amat diperlukan oleh Negeri ini.

Manifesto Barisan Nasional telah diterima dengan baik oleh rakyat. Manifesto yang komprehensif ini menyentuh pelbagai aspek pembangunan sosio-ekonomi, pemeliharaan alam sekitar serta mempertahankan hak rakyat dan Negeri Sarawak di dalam Malaysia.

Tuan Speaker, dalam usaha untuk membangunkan Negeri Sarawak, hubungan rapat di antara Kerajaan Negeri dengan Kerajaan Persekutuan adalah sangat penting. Negeri Sarawak masih memerlukan perhatian yang khusus daripada Kerajaan Persekutuan, terutamanya dalam penyediaan peruntukan untuk pembangunan infrastruktur asas seperti jalan raya, bekalan air dan elektrik, kemudahan kesihatan dan kemudahan pendidikan.

Saya yakin hubungan dan kerjasama rapat yang sedia terjalin akan memudahkan usaha kedua-dua belah pihak untuk berbincang terutamanya mengenai keperluan pembangunan di Negeri Sarawak yang perlu sangat dengan pembangunan. Menerusi mandat besar yang diberikan oleh rakyat dalam pilihan raya Negeri yang Kesebelas, ia akan membolehkan Kerajaan Negeri berbincang dengan Kerajaan Persekutuan secara lebih berkesan bagi mengimbangi tahap pembangunan di antara Sarawak dan negeri-negeri di Semenanjung Malaysia.

Saya ingin mengucapkan penghargaan dan terima kasih saya kepada Yang Amat Berhormat Perdana Menteri dan Kerajaan Persekutuan atas keperihatinan dalam memenuhi keperluan Negeri Sarawak yang perlu dihebatkan untuk mencapai persamaan dengan Negeri- Negeri yang sudah maju di Semenanjung.